Introduction

There has been tremendous growth in the area of undergraduate biology research over the last fifteen years. This study attempts to summarize and analyze the progress of this growth for the journal of CBE-LSE.

Summary of initial data set

## 
## Converting your wos collection into a bibliographic dataframe
## 
## 
## Warning:
## In your file, some mandatory metadata are missing. Bibliometrix functions may not work properly!
## 
## Please, take a look at the vignettes:
## - 'Data Importing and Converting' (https://www.bibliometrix.org/vignettes/Data-Importing-and-Converting.html)
## - 'A brief introduction to bibliometrix' (https://www.bibliometrix.org/vignettes/Introduction_to_bibliometrix.html)
## 
## 
## Missing fields:  DE 
## Done!
## 
## 
## Generating affiliation field tag AU_UN from C1:  Done!

After the results are processed, they are stored as data tables for information reporting.

## 
## 
## MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA
## 
##  Timespan                              2008 : 2022 
##  Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        1 
##  Documents                             1072 
##  Annual Growth Rate %                  -1.83 
##  Document Average Age                  7.54 
##  Average citations per doc             20.3 
##  Average citations per year per doc    2.23 
##  References                            26262 
##  
## DOCUMENT TYPES                     
##  article                 920 
##  bibliography            1 
##  book review             1 
##  correction              22 
##  editorial material      90 
##  letter                  33 
##  review                  5 
##  
## DOCUMENT CONTENTS
##  Keywords Plus (ID)                    1302 
##  Author's Keywords (DE)                0 
##  
## AUTHORS
##  Authors                               3187 
##  Author Appearances                    4746 
##  Authors of single-authored docs       93 
##  
## AUTHORS COLLABORATION
##  Single-authored docs                  157 
##  Documents per Author                  0.336 
##  Co-Authors per Doc                    4.43 
##  International co-authorships %        4.571 
##  
## 
## Annual Scientific Production
## 
##  Year    Articles
##     2008       57
##     2009       43
##     2010       73
##     2011       45
##     2012       53
##     2013       82
##     2014       78
##     2015       60
##     2016      109
##     2017       89
##     2018       94
##     2019       85
##     2020       86
##     2021       74
##     2022       44
## 
## Annual Percentage Growth Rate -1.832022 
## 
## 
## Most Productive Authors
## 
##    Authors        Articles Authors        Articles Fractionalized
## 1     BROWNELL SE       36    TANNER KD                     14.79
## 2     TANNER KD         34    DOLAN EL                      12.34
## 3     DOLAN EL          28    ALLEN D                       12.31
## 4     KNIGHT JK         26    EDDY SL                       11.17
## 5     EDDY SL           21    STARK LA                      10.29
## 6     SMITH MK          21    DOLAN E                        9.00
## 7     COOPER KM         19    BROWNELL SE                    8.57
## 8     ALLEN D           15    HOOPES LLM                     7.03
## 9     HOOPES LLM        15    KNIGHT JK                      6.94
## 10    STARK LA          15    GOUVEA JS                      5.33
## 
## 
## Top manuscripts per citations
## 
##            Paper                             DOI  TC TCperYear   NTC
## 1  AUCHINCLOSS LC, 2014,  10.1187/cbe.14-01-0004 444      44.4 11.06
## 2  JENSEN JL, 2015,       10.1187/cbe.14-08-0129 335      37.2  8.41
## 3  CROWE A, 2008,         10.1187/cbe.08-05-0024 308      19.2 12.67
## 4  ARMBRUSTER P, 2009,    10.1187/cbe.09-03-0025 285      19.0 13.80
## 5  BROWNELL SE, 2012,     10.1187/cbe.12-09-0163 269      22.4  8.40
## 6  BANGERA G, 2014,       10.1187/cbe.14-06-0099 265      26.5  6.60
## 7  EDDY SL, 2014,         10.1187/cbe.14-03-0050 245      24.5  6.11
## 8  MAHER JM, 2013,        10.1187/cbe.13-04-0082 219      19.9  8.50
## 9  SMITH MK, 2013,        10.1187/cbe.13-08-0154 216      19.6  8.39
## 10 TANNER KD, 2012,       10.1187/cbe.12-03-0033 214      17.8  6.68
## 
## 
## Corresponding Author's Countries
## 
##        Country Articles    Freq SCP MCP MCP_Ratio
## 1  USA              979 0.93238 947  32    0.0327
## 2  CANADA            23 0.02190  19   4    0.1739
## 3  GERMANY            6 0.00571   5   1    0.1667
## 4  SWEDEN             6 0.00571   2   4    0.6667
## 5  AUSTRALIA          5 0.00476   4   1    0.2000
## 6  NETHERLANDS        5 0.00476   5   0    0.0000
## 7  ISRAEL             3 0.00286   2   1    0.3333
## 8  BRAZIL             2 0.00190   2   0    0.0000
## 9  FRANCE             2 0.00190   1   1    0.5000
## 10 NEW ZEALAND        2 0.00190   1   1    0.5000
## 
## 
## SCP: Single Country Publications
## 
## MCP: Multiple Country Publications
## 
## 
## Total Citations per Country
## 
##      Country      Total Citations Average Article Citations
## 1  USA                      20738                     21.18
## 2  CANADA                     290                     12.61
## 3  SWEDEN                     192                     32.00
## 4  NETHERLANDS                172                     34.40
## 5  AUSTRALIA                   98                     19.60
## 6  CZECH REPUBLIC              41                     41.00
## 7  NORWAY                      33                     16.50
## 8  ISRAEL                      31                     10.33
## 9  GERMANY                     28                      4.67
## 10 CHINA                       21                     21.00
## 
## 
## Most Relevant Sources
## 
##                Sources        Articles
## 1 CBE-LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION     1072
## % latex table generated in R 4.2.2 by xtable 1.8-4 package
## % Fri Jan  6 11:10:43 2023
## \begin{table}[ht]
## \centering
## \begin{tabular}{rll}
##   \hline
##  & Description & Results \\ 
##   \hline
## 1 & MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA &  \\ 
##   2 & Timespan & 2008:2022 \\ 
##   3 & Sources (Journals, Books, etc) & 1 \\ 
##   4 & Documents & 1072 \\ 
##   5 & Annual Growth Rate \%                  - & 1.83 \\ 
##   6 & Document Average Age & 7.54 \\ 
##   7 & Average citations per doc & 20.3 \\ 
##   8 & Average citations per year per doc & 2.23 \\ 
##   9 & References & 26262 \\ 
##   10 & DOCUMENT TYPES &  \\ 
##   11 & article & 920 \\ 
##   12 & bibliography & 1 \\ 
##   13 & book review & 1 \\ 
##   14 & correction & 22 \\ 
##   15 & editorial material & 90 \\ 
##   16 & letter & 33 \\ 
##   17 & review & 5 \\ 
##   18 & DOCUMENT CONTENTS &  \\ 
##   19 & Keywords Plus (ID) & 1302 \\ 
##   20 & Author's Keywords (DE) & 0 \\ 
##   21 & AUTHORS &  \\ 
##   22 & Authors & 3187 \\ 
##   23 & Author Appearances & 4746 \\ 
##   24 & Authors of single-authored docs & 93 \\ 
##   25 & AUTHORS COLLABORATION &  \\ 
##   26 & Single-authored docs & 157 \\ 
##   27 & Documents per Author & 0.336 \\ 
##   28 & Co-Authors per Doc & 4.43 \\ 
##   29 & International co-authorships \% & 4.571 \\ 
##   30 &  &  \\ 
##    \hline
## \end{tabular}
## \end{table}

Research Questions

Basic overview of the field

Authoring

##    Authors        Articles Authors        Articles Fractionalized
## 1     BROWNELL SE       36    TANNER KD                     14.79
## 2     TANNER KD         34    DOLAN EL                      12.34
## 3     DOLAN EL          28    ALLEN D                       12.31
## 4     KNIGHT JK         26    EDDY SL                       11.17
## 5     EDDY SL           21    STARK LA                      10.29
## 6     SMITH MK          21    DOLAN E                        9.00
## 7     COOPER KM         19    BROWNELL SE                    8.57
## 8     ALLEN D           15    HOOPES LLM                     7.03
## 9     HOOPES LLM        15    KNIGHT JK                      6.94
## 10    STARK LA          15    GOUVEA JS                      5.33
## # A tibble: 3,187 × 2
##    AU              n
##    <chr>       <int>
##  1 BROWNELL SE    36
##  2 TANNER KD      34
##  3 DOLAN EL       28
##  4 KNIGHT JK      26
##  5 EDDY SL        21
##  6 SMITH MK       21
##  7 COOPER KM      19
##  8 ALLEN D        15
##  9 HOOPES LLM     15
## 10 STARK LA       15
## # … with 3,177 more rows

Institutions

Affiliations around the world

Affiliations in the US

## # A tibble: 7,904 × 4
## # Groups:   eligibility, Institution Name [1,043]
##    `Institution Name` name         value eligibility
##    <fct>              <chr>        <fct> <chr>      
##  1 Auburn University  AANAPISI     1     Ineligible 
##  2 Auburn University  AANAPISI F   1     Ineligible 
##  3 Auburn University  ANNH         1     Ineligible 
##  4 Auburn University  ANNH F       1     Ineligible 
##  5 Auburn University  HBCU         2     Ineligible 
##  6 Auburn University  HBCU Masters 2     Ineligible 
##  7 Auburn University  HBGI         2     Ineligible 
##  8 Auburn University  HSI          1     Ineligible 
##  9 Auburn University  HSI STEM     1     Ineligible 
## 10 Auburn University  NASNTI       1     Ineligible 
## # … with 7,894 more rows
## # A tibble: 536 × 61
##     ...1 AFF...2        AFF...3  Freq OPEID Issues ...7  Insti…¹ UnitID City  St    sector Type …² UG    Core …³ Fall …⁴
##    <dbl> <chr>          <chr>   <dbl> <chr> <chr>  <chr> <chr>    <dbl> <chr> <chr>  <dbl> <fct>   <chr>   <dbl>   <dbl>
##  1    65 AUBURN UNIV    AUBURN…     8 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Auburn… 100858 Aubu… AL         1 Pub 4yr Yes    8.92e8   26920
##  2   245 BIRMINGHAM SO… BIRMIN…     2 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Birmin… 100937 Birm… AL         2 Pri 4yr Yes    3.66e7    1276
##  3   758 UNIV WEST ALA… UNIVER…     1 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Univer… 101587 Livi… AL         1 Pub 4yr Yes    6.38e7    4395
##  4   588 TUSKEGEE UNIV  TUSKEG…     1 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Tuskeg… 102377 Tusk… AL         2 Pri 4yr Yes    1.12e8    3181
##  5   312 UNIV ALABAMA   THE UN…     2 0010… <NA>   <NA>  The Un… 100751 Tusc… AL         1 Pub 4yr Yes    8.77e8   35344
##  6   143 UNIV ALABAMA … UNIVER…     4 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Univer… 100663 Birm… AL         1 Pub 4yr Yes    1.23e9   16471
##  7     7 ARIZONA STATE… ARIZON…    43 0010… Multi… <NA>  Arizon… 104151 Tempe AZ         1 Pub 4yr Yes    1.74e9   47714
##  8   203 NO ARIZONA UN… NORTHE…     3 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Northe… 105330 Flag… AZ         1 Pub 4yr Yes    5.27e8   26699
##  9    44 UNIV ARIZONA   UNIVER…    12 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Univer… 104179 Tucs… AZ         1 Pub 4yr Yes    1.76e9   39290
## 10   339 ARKANSAS TECH… ARKANS…     1 0010… <NA>   <NA>  Arkans… 106467 Russ… AR         1 Pub 4yr Yes    1.21e8    8851
## # … with 526 more rows, 45 more variables: `Core Exp/FTE` <dbl>, `Core Exp/FTE Threshold` <dbl>,
## #   `Core Exp Elig?` <chr>, FT <dbl>, FTUG <dbl>, `Pell Recip` <dbl>, `Pell %` <dbl>, `Pell Threshold` <dbl>,
## #   `Pell Elig?` <chr>, `Pre-Elig?` <chr>, `Eligible for New T 3/5` <chr>, `Eligible/ Current Grant` <fct>,
## #   Eligible <chr>, `Native American UG Total` <dbl>, `Pacific Islander UG Total` <dbl>, `Asian UG Total` <dbl>,
## #   `AANAPISI UG Total` <dbl>, `AANAPISI UG %` <dbl>, `Native American UG %` <dbl>, `Pacific Islander %` <dbl>,
## #   `Hispanic FT UG Total` <dbl>, `Hispanic %` <dbl>, `Total Enroll` <dbl>, `Total Minority Enroll except Asian` <dbl>,
## #   `Total Minority except Asian %` <dbl>, `Black Enroll` <dbl>, `Black %` <dbl>, AANAPISI <chr>, `AANAPISI F` <chr>, …

What are the collaborative connections between institutions?

Most cited papers and journals

##                                                                                       [,1]
## FREEMAN S, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P8410, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.1319030111         151
## AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 2011, VISION CHANGE UNDERG        149
## PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2012, ENGAGE EXCEL PRODUCI  103
## HANDELSMAN J, 2004, SCIENCE, V304, P521, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1096022                    89
## AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 2011, VIS CHANG UND BIOL E         86
## CROWE A, 2008, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC, V7, P368, DOI 10.1187/CBE.08-05-0024                  81
## EDDY SL, 2014, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC, V13, P453, DOI 10.1187/CBE.14-03-0050                 76
## HAAK DC, 2011, SCIENCE, V332, P1213, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1204820                        74
## SEYMOUR E., 1997, TALKING LEAVING WHY                                                   72
## HAKE RR, 1998, AM J PHYS, V66, P64, DOI 10.1119/1.18809                                 69
## SMITH MK, 2008, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC, V7, P422, DOI 10.1187/CBE.08-08-0045                 66
## AUCHINCLOSS LC, 2014, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC, V13, P29, DOI 10.1187/CBE.14-01-0004           65
## KNIGHT JENNIFER K, 2005, CELL BIOL EDUC, V4, P298, DOI 10.1187/05-06-0082               65
## SEYMOUR E, 2004, SCI EDUC, V88, P493, DOI 10.1002/SCE.10131                             64
## RUSSELL SH, 2007, SCIENCE, V316, P548, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1140384                      62
## FREEMAN SCOTT, 2007, CBE LIFE SCI EDUC, V6, P132, DOI 10.1187/CBE.06-09-0194            61
## HENDERSON C, 2011, J RES SCI TEACH, V48, P952, DOI 10.1002/TEA.20439                    59
## LOPATTO DAVID, 2007, CBE LIFE SCI EDUC, V6, P297, DOI 10.1187/CBE.07-06-0039            57
## HUNTER AB, 2007, SCI EDUC, V91, P36, DOI 10.1002/SCE.20173                              56
## BROWNELL SE, 2012, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC, V11, P339, DOI 10.1187/CBE.12-09-0163             55
##                   [,1]
## CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC  751
## J RES SCI TEACH    506
## SCIENCE            321
## J COLL SCI TEACH   293
## INT J SCI EDUC     266
## J CHEM EDUC        265
## SCI EDUC           265
## J EDUC PSYCHOL     218
## AM BIOL TEACH      187
## NATURE             145

Multiple Correspondence Analysis

## Tab
##      STUDENT       BIOLOG   UNDERGRADU       SCIENC     RESEARCH        LEARN        TEACH         EDUC       EXPERI 
##          361          336          236          222          216          186          167          118           92 
## INTRODUCTORI      DEVELOP         STEM       ASSESS      PROGRAM        MODEL       IMPROV      PRACTIC      ANALYSI 
##           89           85           83           73           58           54           53           53           51 
##        COURS       COLLEG     SCIENTIF    CLASSROOM       EFFECT      CONCEPT      FACULTI 
##           51           50           50           49           49           48           47

## NULL